Bilateral inverse globe retraction (Duane's) syndrome.

A case of true inverse Duane's retraction syndrome, bilateral inverse globe retraction syndrome apparently due to abnormal innervation, is the subject of this clinical report.

Acute type a aortic dissection: a pathology under diagnosed

To compare the frequency of acute type A aortic dissection with chronic dissections, at two large cardiac surgery centers of the country. Acute type an aortic dissection: a pathology under diagnosed. This study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar and National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases, Karachi, between January 2001 and January 2007. All patients with type A aortic dissection are studied retrospectively. Patients with aortic aneurysm, undergoing aortic root surgery, were not included in the study. Out of 13 patients who underwent aortic root surgery for various pathologies of the aorta, 9 cases had type A aortic dissection. Eight patients were diagnosed by trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal echocardiography and one patient was diagnosed on contrast enhanced computerized tomography [CT] scan. None of the patients had cardiac catheterization or MRI. Six of the nine dissections were chronic. One patient had Marfan Syndrome. Eight patients were hypertensive. One patient had aortic valve repair with supra coronary tube graft interposition for ascending aortic dissection; while eight patients had aortic root replacement with prosthetic composite grafts. There was one in-hospital death. Post operative echocardiogram of the patient with aortic valve repair, revealed mild aortic regurgitation. Seven of the eight surviving patients are in NYHA class I while one patient is in NYHA class two. Aortic root surgery can be safely performed with results comparable to the published data. Hypertension needs to be controlled to avoid its potentially lethal complications, like aortic dissection

Morphological and biochemical studies on the different developmental stages of a fresh water snail, Lymnaea stagnalis (Lymnaeidae) after treatment with some pesticides.

In the present study when the egg masses of Lymnaea stagnalis showing different developmental stages were introduced with the sub lethal concentrations of baygon and nuvan from cleavage to before hatching stages exhibited the development arrest in most of the egg capsules due to deviation in protein fractions in the corresponding development stages in comparison to control groups resulted into high percentage of mortality and low percentage of hatchability in treated groups. Another potent cause of low percentage of hatchability of young snails from their corresponding egg capsules was the phenomenon of polyembryony in nuvan treated egg masses which showed the high rate of mortality due to the lack of metabolites for their progressive development in comparison to control groups. Teratogenesis and deformities in larval stages were also observed in most of the egg capsules which could be correlated with the depletion of most of the protein fractions in the present investigation.